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- ã³ã³ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã¹: GDPRãHIPAAãªã©ãå€ãã®èŠå¶ãåºæºã¯ãããã€ã¹èªèšŒãå«ãå ç¢ãªã»ãã¥ãªãã£å¯ŸçãèŠæ±ããŠããŸãã
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1. äºåå ±æã㌠(PSK)
PSKã¯ãããã€ã¹ãšãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«å ±æç§å¯ïŒãã¹ã¯ãŒããŸãã¯ããŒïŒãäºåã«èšå®ãããã·ã³ãã«ãªèªèšŒæ¹æ³ã§ããããã€ã¹ãæ¥ç¶ã詊ã¿ããšãããŒãæç€ºããããããããã¯ãŒã¯ã«ä¿åãããŠããããŒãšäžèŽããã°ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãèš±å¯ãããŸããPSKã¯å®è£ ã容æã§ãäœè€é床ããã€ã¹ã«é©ããŠããŸãããé倧ãªè匱æ§ããããŸãã
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- çæ: ãã«ãŒããã©ãŒã¹æ»æã«è匱ã§ãããããŒç®¡çã®èª²é¡ããããã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£ã«æ¬ ããŸãã䟵害ãããããŒã¯ããã®ããŒã䜿çšãããã¹ãŠã®ããã€ã¹ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããŸãã
äŸ: äºåå ±æãã¹ã¯ãŒãã䜿çšããWi-Fi Protected Access (WPA/WPA2) ã¯ãPSKèªèšŒã®äžè¬çãªäŸã§ããå®¶åºçšãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«ã¯é©ããŠããŸãããã»ãã¥ãªãã£äžã®å¶éãããäžè¬çã«äŒæ¥ãç£æ¥çšIoTå°å ¥ã«ã¯æšå¥šãããŸããã
2. ããžã¿ã«èšŒææž (PKI)
å ¬ééµåºç€ (PKI) ã¯ãããã€ã¹ã®èº«å ã確èªããããã«ããžã¿ã«èšŒææžã䜿çšããŸããåããã€ã¹ã«ã¯å ¬ééµãå«ãäžæã®èšŒææžãçºè¡ããããããã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ä¿¡é ŒãããèªèšŒå± (CA) ã䜿çšããŠãã®èšŒææžãæ€èšŒããŸããPKIã¯åŒ·åãªèªèšŒãæå·åãåŠèªé²æ¢ãæäŸããŸãã
- é·æ: 匷åãªã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£ãæå·åã®ãµããŒããããã€ã¹ã䟵害ãããå ŽåãèšŒææžã¯ç°¡åã«å€±å¹ã§ããŸãã
- çæ: PSKãããå®è£ ãšç®¡çãè€éã§ããå ç¢ãªCAã€ã³ãã©ã¹ãã©ã¯ãã£ãå¿ èŠã§ãã
äŸ: Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) ã¯ãWebãµãŒããŒãšãã©ãŠã¶éã®éä¿¡ãä¿è·ããããã«ããžã¿ã«èšŒææžã䜿çšããŸããIoTã§ã¯ãã¯ã©ãŠããã©ãããã©ãŒã ãŸãã¯ããŒã«ã«ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«æ¥ç¶ããããã€ã¹ãèªèšŒããããã«èšŒææžã䜿çšã§ããŸãã
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3. çäœèªèšŒ
çäœèªèšŒã¯ãæçŽãé¡èªèãè¹åœ©ã¹ãã£ã³ãªã©ã®åºæã®çäœç¹æ§ã䜿çšããŠããã€ã¹ã®èº«å ã確èªããŸãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãç¹ã«ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ãããŠãIoTããã€ã¹ã§ãŸããŸãäžè¬çã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
- é·æ: é«ãã»ãã¥ãªãã£ããŠãŒã¶ãŒãã¬ã³ããªãŒããã¹ã¯ãŒããããŒãäžèŠã«ãªããŸãã
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äŸ: ã¹ããŒããã©ã³ããã¢ããã¯ã®æçŽã¹ãã£ããŒã¯ãçäœèªèšŒã®äŸã§ããç£æ¥ç°å¢ã§ã¯ãçäœèªèšŒã¯æ©å¯é åãæ©åšãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãå¶åŸ¡ããããã«äœ¿çšã§ããŸãã
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4. ããŒã¯ã³ããŒã¹èªèšŒ
ããŒã¯ã³ããŒã¹èªèšŒã«ã¯ãããã€ã¹ã«äžæã®ããŒã¯ã³ãçºè¡ããããã䜿çšããŠèªèšŒãè¡ãããšãå«ãŸããŸããããŒã¯ã³ã¯ãã¯ã³ã¿ã€ã ãã¹ã¯ãŒã (OTP)ãã»ãã¥ãªãã£ããŒã¯ã³ããŸãã¯ä¿¡é Œã§ããèªèšŒãµãŒããŒã«ãã£ãŠçæãããããé«åºŠãªããŒã¯ã³ã§ããå ŽåããããŸãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãä»ã®èªèšŒæ¹æ³ãšçµã¿åãããŠäœ¿çšãããããšããããããŸãã
- é·æ: 远å ã®æ€èšŒã¬ã€ã€ãŒ (äŸ: äºèŠçŽ èªèšŒ) ã远å ããããšã§ãã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã匷åã§ããŸãã
- çæ: å®å šãªããŒã¯ã³çæããã³ç®¡çã·ã¹ãã ãå¿ èŠã§ãã
äŸ: ã¢ãã€ã«ããã€ã¹ã«éä¿¡ãããOTPã䜿çšããäºèŠçŽ èªèšŒ (2FA) ã¯äžè¬çãªäŸã§ããIoTã§ã¯ãããã€ã¹ã®æ§æãŸãã¯å¶åŸ¡ããã«ãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãä¿è·ããããã«2FAã䜿çšã§ããŸãã
5. MACã¢ãã¬ã¹ãã£ã«ã¿ãªã³ã°
MACã¢ãã¬ã¹ãã£ã«ã¿ãªã³ã°ã¯ãããã€ã¹ã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹å¶åŸ¡ (MAC) ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã«åºã¥ããŠãããã¯ãŒã¯ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãå¶éããŸããMACã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã«å²ãåœãŠãããäžæã®èå¥åã§ãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ä»ã®èªèšŒã¡ã«ããºã ãšçµã¿åãããŠäœ¿çšãããããšããããããŸãããMACã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯åœè£ ã§ãããããäž»èŠãªã»ãã¥ãªãã£å¶åŸ¡ãšããŠäŸåãã¹ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã
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1. 匷åºãªããŒããã³ãã¹ã¯ãŒã管ç
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2. å€èŠçŽ èªèšŒ (MFA)
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3. ã»ãã¥ã¢ããŒããšãã¡ãŒã ãŠã§ã¢ã¢ããããŒã
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4. ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã»ã°ã¡ã³ããŒã·ã§ã³
IoTãããã¯ãŒã¯ãä»ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ (äŸ: äŒæ¥ãããã¯ãŒã¯) ããåé¢ããŠãã ãããããã«ãããIoTããã€ã¹ãæ©å¯ããŒã¿ãéèŠãªã·ã¹ãã ããéé¢ããããšã§ãã»ãã¥ãªãã£äŸµå®³ã®æœåšçãªåœ±é¿ãå¶éããŸãããã¡ã€ã¢ãŠã©ãŒã«ãšã¢ã¯ã»ã¹å¶åŸ¡ãªã¹ã (ACL) ã䜿çšããŠãããã¯ãŒã¯ã»ã°ã¡ã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ã匷å¶ããŸãã
5. 宿çãªã»ãã¥ãªãã£ç£æ»ãšè匱æ§è©äŸ¡
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6. ç£èŠãšãã°èšé²
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7. ããã€ã¹ã®åŒ·å
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8. é©åãªãããã³ã«ã®éžæ
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9. ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã« (HSM) ã®æ€èš
HSMã¯ãæå·éµã®ä¿åãšæå·æäœã®å®è¡ã®ããã®å®å šã§æ¹ãã鲿¢ã®ç°å¢ãæäŸããŸãããããã¯ãæ©å¯ããŒã¿ãšéèŠãªã€ã³ãã©ã¹ãã©ã¯ãã£ãä¿è·ããããã«ç¹ã«éèŠã§ãã
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